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Understanding and Working Principle LAN
LAN can be defined as a network or a network of computer systems, which are located in one building is limited, a complex building or a campus and not using the common media of communication facilities such as telephone, but the owner and manager of media communications is the owner of LAN itself. From the definition above we can know that a LAN is limited by physical location. As for the use of LAN itself lead to all computers connected in a network can exchange data or otherwise related. Cooperation is growing from only the exchange of data through the use of equipment together. LAN are generally using a hub, will follow the working principle of the hub itself. In this case is that the hub does not have knowledge of the destination address so that the delivery of broadcast data, and also because the hub has only one collision domain so that if one port is busy, the other ports will have to wait.
Basic Components of LAN
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Some of the basic components of a LAN are usually formed as follows:
- Workstation
Workstation is a node or host in the form of a computer system. The computer system can be either a PC or can be in the form of a large computer systems such as minicomputers, even a mainframe. Workstations can work alone (stand-alone) can also use the network to exchange data with other workstations or users.
- Server
Hardware (hardware) that functions to serve the network and workstations connected to the network. general resources (resources) such as printers, disks, and so on to be used jointly by the users at workstations reside and work on the server. Based on the type of service known disk server, file server, print server, and a server can also have multiple functions at the same service.
- Link(association)
Workstations and servers can not function when the equipment is not physically connected. These relationships are known as the LAN transmission medium which is generally in the form of cable. As for some examples of the link is:
1. Twisted Pair Cable
- The cable is divided into two, namely Shielded Twisted Pair and Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP)
- More widely known as a telephone cable
- Relatively inexpensive
- Short distance
- Easily influenced by disturbances
- Data rate that can be supported is limited, 10-16 Mbps
2. Coaxial Cable
- Commonly used on television
- Relatively more
- Data transmission speeds higher than the Twisted Pair, 30 Mbps
- Prices are relatively inexpensive
- The size is larger than Twisted Pair
3 Fiber Optic Cable
- The long distance
- High data speed, 100 Mbps
- The size of the relatively small
- Difficult influenced disorders
- The price is still relatively expensive
- Installation is relatively difficult
- Network Interface Card(NIC)
A workstation is not connected directly to the cable or transceiver cable networks, but through an electronic circuit that is designed specifically to handle network protocol known as the Network Interface Card(NIC).
- Network Software
Without the software network then the network will not work as desired. This software also allows one computer system to communicate with other computer systems.
LAN Support Tools
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a. Repeater
- In OSI, working at the Physical layer
- Continue and strengthen the signal
- Widely used in bus topology
- Its use is easy and relatively cheap price
- Not to have knowledge of the destination address so that the delivery of broadcast data
- Only have one collision domain so that if one port is busy, the other ports will have to wait.
b. Hub
- Work on the Physical layer
- Forwarding signal
- Not to have knowledge of the destination address
- Its use is relatively easy and affordable prices
- Only have one collision domain
c. Bridge
- Working in the Data Link layer
- Have used the addresses to forward the data to its destination
- Automatically create a table translator for each port received
d. Switch
- Working in the Data Link layer
- Each port in the switch has its own collision domain
- Have a central translation table that has a list of interpreters for all ports
- Allows the transmission in full Duplex (two-way)
e. Router
- Router or filter function to filter the data traffic
- Determine and select the alternate path to be traversed by the data
- Connecting the LAN inter-networking, even with the WAN
LAN topology
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Understanding Network topology is the arrangement of the data flow path in the network that physically connects one node to another node. The following are some of the existing network topology and used to date, namely:
- Star topology
Some node / nodes connected by the central node / host, which form a physical network such as stars, all communications are handled directly and managed by a mainframe host computer.
- Hierarchical Topology
Shaped like a branching tree that consists of a host computer(host) connected to the node/other nodes in stages. Higher level serves as a regulator of the underlying employment levels.
- Bus Topology
Some node/nodes connected by data path(bus). Each node can perform the tasks and operations that are different but all have the same hierarchy.
- Loop Topology
Is the relationship between the node/nodes serially in the form of a closed circle. In this form there is no central node/host, all have the same hierarchy.
- Topology Ring
This shape is a combination of form and bus loop topology, if one node/node is damaged, it will not affect other communication nodes as separate from the data path.
- Topology Web
Is a form of topology, each node/nodes in the network can be interconnected with other nodes through some links. A web form network with n nodes, will use as many links as n (n-1)/2.
By using all the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration, allows the development of a new configuration that incorporates several new technologies that accompanied topology ideal conditions of a network system can be fulfilled.
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